Method of riveting



Aug. 8, 1944. G. s. WING METHOD oF RIVE'TING Filed July 31, 1942' Uli lll

A "ITORNE Y Patented 8, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD F RIVETING George S. Wing, Hermosa Beach, Calif., assigner to North American Aviation, Inc., Inglewood, Calif., a. corporation of Delaware Application July 31, 1942, Serial No. 452,999

(Cl. 1S-46) 2 Claims.

The present invention relates generally tothe formingof rivets or rivet-like members for connecting plates or sheet metal in a manner capable oi withstanding high shear strains and considerable tension loads and having many practical advantages over the use of bolts and lock nuts as a replacement for the less resistant upsettable rivets now in common use.

An important object of the invention is to provide a practical method of forming a rivet from a pin and a collar, including the shearing olf of any excess material from the end of the collar.

The invention and its advantages in practical use may be better understood and more thoroughly appreciated in the course of the following description in detail thereof with reference to the accompanying drawing, the latter forming a part of this specification.

Inv the drawing,

Fig. 1 is an elevation of the non-upsettable rivet pin.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the malleable, upsettable collar.

Fig, 3 is a vertical sectional view through a riveted connection as it appears in use. v

Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical sectional lviews illustrating the rivet and adjacent portions of the setting tool, respectively in starting position and at the completion of the rivet setting.

Figs. 6 and '7 are respectively similar views of Figs. 4 and 5, with the setting tool adjusted to compensate for a less protuberant rivet pin.

Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations of modified constructions of rivet pins.

Referring in more detail to the drawing, the invention is primarily interested in the type of rivet involving, for the connection of sheet metal or metallic plates, the upsetting of cold metal by a single operation or repeated blows, such for example as rivets of aluminum alloy having comparatively low resistance to high shearing stresses. It is common practice dictated by high shear loads to utilize in place of such malleable or cold upsettable rivets, bolts, washers and selflocking nuts, and the present invention provides for a practical and advantageous substitute for such bolts and their accessories, its advantages including reduction .both in cost and weight, and time required for assembly.

The, present invention proposes the use of a rigid alloy steel pin I0. as seen in Fig. 1 for snugly interilttlng preformed openings bored, or otherwise, through the plates or sheet metal sections l I and I2 as in Fig. 3. the pin having a preformed 'head I IIa at one end and being too hard to be 5l readily upsettable itself, and retained by a mal- I leable collar I3 as seen in Figs. 2 and 3 which is hammered or pressed into an annular groove Ill of the pin which is formed in respect to its domelike free end I5 so that a shearing edge I6 surrounds said end I5. It will be particularly noted that the shearing edge I6, according to the manner in which the collar is compressed or upset into the groove I4, constitutes the axial as well as the diametri'cal limit of the compressed collar, so that the latter when inposition forms a work engaging abutment and has an outer conical surface Il adjacent to the pin end I5 which is flush therewith and tangent thereto. l

The foregoing is all plainly to be seen inFigs. 1, 2 and 3 and in Figs. 4.- a'nd 5 it will be noted that for setting the rivet a buck I8 is employed, having an axial bore I9 of a diameter approximately that of the rivet pin I0, and having, at the lower end of bore I9, a flared portion 20 to form, at its working extremity, a tapered collar-compressing surface.

Since buck pressure is desirable only to the extent of movement of the lower end of its bore I9 into cooperative relation with the rivet pin shearing edge I6, the buck I8 may be advantageously utilized withan axially adjustable surrounding sleeve 2| to thus engage the work and effect a desirable limitation of buck movement toward the work, adjustment of said sleeve being. plainly indicated in Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive and being dependent upon the length of the pin projecting at one side of the work and thus upon the thickness of the connected plates or sheet metal sections I I and I2.

It is to be understood, however, that the sleeve 2| may be eliminated or the sleeve 2| and buck I8 may be integral and therefore xed with relation to each other.

The buck I8 serves to compress the collar I3 into the rivet pin groove I4, in the manner fully shown in Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive, and if, on account ofthicknessof the connected plates, as shownat 22 and 23 in Figs. 6 and 7, the rivet pin projects therebeyond to a distance less than the length of the collar I3, the shearing edge I6 of the end of the pin will in cooperation with the lower end of the bore of the buck, pinch and shear ofl.' the excess metal of the collar in the form of a ring, within the bore of the buck, as plainly seen at 26 in Fig. 7. The rings 26 pinched ofl' or sheared from the collars are discharged through the bore I9.

'I'hus the rivet asa whole presents a connection which is not only effective and .emcient along the lines previously set forth, as well as one which may be readily and easily formed, but also one which may be readily punched out by any suitable means after removal of its retaining collar.

Fig. 8 shows a rivet pin 24 with a flaring head Illa and a circumferential groove I4 adjacent opposite ends. The shearing edge 25 is capped by a conical end 21. Fig. 9 shows a similar construction, except that the end is a truncated cone 2 8.

In all of the forms herein, it is preferred that the diameter of the cutting edge li or 25 shall be slightly smaller than the diameter of the shank In or 24, such as two thousandths, in order that the rivet pin may be inserted in alined plate openf and scope of my invention. I. therefore, do not wish to restrict myself to the particular form of construction illustrated and described, but desire to avail myself of all modifications that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what. .I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The method of applying a head to a securing pin having an annular groove and a shearing edge, comprising placing a malleable collar around the grooved portion of said pin, compressing said collar into the groove, and shearing off excess material thereof against said shearing edge.

2. The method defined in claim l, wherein the compressing and shearing operations are eifected in a'single movement ofy the material of the co1- lar into the groove and against the shearing edge.

GEoRGE s. WING. 

